Ankle pain is a common issue that can affect anyone, regardless of age or activity level. Whether it comes on suddenly or develops over time, it is important to understand the common causes behind this discomfort.
Ankle pain can quickly disrupt your daily life, and ignoring persistent ankle pain could lead to complications and affect mobility.
Let us identify the top causes of ankle pain and explore the best time to seek professional care.
What Is Ankle Pain
Ankle pain is discomfort or inflammation that occurs in or around the ankle joint. It may result from injury, overuse, or an underlying medical condition. The ankle plays a critical role in moving, walking, and supporting the body’s weight, which is why addressing pain early is essential.
Causes of Ankle Pain
Ankle pain can arise from various causes, and some of the most common ankle pain causes include:
Ankle Sprains
Ankle sprains are the leading cause of ankle pain and occur when the ligaments, which connect bones to each other, are overstretched or torn. This often happens during sports or activities that involve sudden movements like twisting, rolling, or turning the ankle at an awkward angle.
The ankle sprain can cause swelling, ankle pain that worsens with movement, and bruising.
Tendinitis
Tendinitis is the inflammation of the tendons, which connect muscle to bone. The most common type seen in the ankle is Achilles tendinitis, affecting the tendon at the back of the ankle and heel. The Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, is a common site for tendonitis.
People with tendonitis often experience a burning pain in the back of the ankle, especially after walking or exercising.
Arthritis
Arthritis can cause ankle pain due to inflammation in the joint. Two common types of arthritis affecting the ankle are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Osteoarthritis: It occurs when the cartilage in the joint wears down over time.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: It is an autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation.
The symptoms of ankle pain due to arthritis include stiffness, swelling, and ankle pain that increases with activity. These symptoms can be managed by medication and physical therapy, but surgery may be an option for severe cases.
Fractures
A fracture is a break in the bone that often results from trauma, such as a fall or an accident. Ankle fractures cause severe ankle pain, swelling, and an inability to bear weight. If you suspect you have an ankle fracture, seek medical attention immediately.
Gout
Gout occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints, often affecting the big toe but sometimes extending to the ankle. It results in intense ankle pain, redness, swelling, and warmth in the affected ankle joint.
Treatment of ankle gout includes medications to manage uric acid levels and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve symptoms.
Plantar Fasciitis
This condition is caused by inflammation or microtears in the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that supports the arch of the foot. The pain often radiates from the heel to other areas, including the ankle, particularly after periods of rest or prolonged activity.
It is commonly seen in individuals who are on their feet for long hours, wear unsupportive shoes, or have foot mechanics issues, such as high arches or flat feet.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
This condition arises when the posterior tibial nerve, which runs along the inner side of the ankle, becomes compressed or pinched. The resulting pressure can cause symptoms such as sharp ankle pain, burning, tingling, or numbness that may radiate from the ankle to the arch or toes of the foot.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome can be triggered by several factors, including flat feet, swelling, injury, or conditions like arthritis. If untreated, the symptoms can become persistent and significantly affect mobility.
Bursitis
Bursitis in the ankle occurs when the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions between bones, tendons, and muscles in the joint, become inflamed or irritated. In the ankle, this can happen due to repetitive motion, pressure, or direct trauma.
Symptoms typically include swelling, tenderness, warmth, and ankle pain around the affected area, making it difficult to move the joint comfortably. Left untreated, ankle bursitis can lead to chronic inflammation or reduced joint function.
Tendon Tears or Ruptures
The ankle is supported by several tendons, including the peroneal tendons, which play a crucial role in stabilizing the joint and aiding in movement. These tendons can tear or rupture due to sudden injuries, overuse, or repetitive strain.
Tears may cause immediate ankle pain, swelling, and instability in the ankle, making it difficult to walk or bear weight. In severe cases, complete ruptures may require surgical intervention to restore function and prevent long-term complications.
Ankle Impingement
Ankle impingement, also known as “footballer’s ankle,” happens when tissue in the ankle becomes compressed due to repetitive movements. It can result in severe ankle pain during foot movements, swelling, and limited range of motion. Severe cases may require surgical intervention.
When to See a Specialist
While mild ankle pain can often improve with rest and home care, some signs should prompt a visit to a specialist immediately:
- Ankle pain persists for more than a few days or worsens over time.
- Swelling does not improve within 48 hours.
- You cannot bear weight on the affected foot.
- The ankle looks deformed.
- The pain is accompanied by redness, warmth, or fever, which may indicate an infection.
Seeking timely medical attention can prevent further complications and help you regain mobility faster.
Ankle Pain Treatment in Warwick & Middletown, RI, and Dartmouth, MA
If you are experiencing persistent or severe ankle pain, consulting a foot and ankle specialist can make all the difference in your recovery.
At Foot & Ankle Institute of New England, we specialize in diagnosing and treating a variety of conditions that cause ankle pain. Our experienced team of foot and ankle doctors can provide customized treatment plans to help you get back on your feet quickly and safely.
For more information or to schedule a consultation, call our office near you or use our appointment request form.
We look forward to serving you!
